Undergraduate Medical Education Works
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Item Anxiety or Arrhythmia: When Delayed Diagnosis Leads to Poor Outcomes(2024-03-22) Morris, Ashlyn; Hornberger, Sydney; O'Farrell, Erin; Jaradat, ZiadItem Decision Making in Fertility Preservation Prior to Pursuing Curative Treatments for Sickle Cell Disease(2023-03-24) Collins, Angela; Noel, Josey; Abraham, Olivia; Hornberger, Sydney; Rahim, Mahvish; Jacob, Seethal; Saraf, AmandaItem Relationship between Pantry Characteristics and Clientele Transportation when Accessing Food Resources in St. Joseph County and Surrounding Areas(2023-11-09) Stone, Jackson; Bales, John; Harris, Jonathan; Lassen, DavidFood insecurity affects approximately 13% of the total population in St. Joseph County. To address this need, various food pantries and soup kitchens have been established by local community organizations. The advent of COVID-19, among other economic instabilities, exacerbated many health disparities within our community and further strained many already overstretched local nonprofits. In a survey of 10 local organizations from June to July 2023, we attempt to characterize the experiences and obstacles faced by pantry clients and directors (474 clients and 65 directors surveyed). An unexpected trend appeared as transportation means of clients was gathered: 84% of surveyed clients utilized pantries by car. Furthermore, some pantries were accessed almost exclusively by automobile, while others saw greater traffic from those walking, biking, and bussing. Clearly, means of transportation played a significant role in determining where individuals sought food aid. To explain these observed differences, we evaluate the relationships between transportation and pantry schedule, pantry location relative to bus lines, client choice in food selection, and provision of on-site meals. Our results indicate that the number of adjacent bus lines and distance to the nearest bus stop affect means of transportation to pantries (p<0.001). Furthermore, the presence of on-site meals, operation hours, and service use limits are tied to clients’ transportation method (p<0.001). To ensure equitable access and efficient food distribution, a continued focus on infrastructure and its alignment with pantry accessibility remains a critical aspect to address in the future.Item Weekend Gun Violence January 1-March 29, 2023 Indianapolis, Indiana.(2023-03-30) Spivey, Erin; Crawford, Jara; Kaur, Amarpreet; Magee, Lauren; Grommon, EricBACKGROUND Gun violence in Indianapolis has been more prevalent on weekends than on weekdays thus far in 2023. OBJECTIVE Examine commonalities and trending of shooting incidents reported by the media occurring on Saturdays and Sundays in comparison to weekdays in Indianapolis. KEY FINDINGS Nearly 50% of all shootings reported by the media in 2023 thus far have occurred on Saturdays or Sundays while weekend days make up just 29% of the week. More non-fatal shootings have occurred on weekends than through the week. The rate of shootings on Saturdays and Sundays (r=33) in 2023 is more than double the rate of shootings occurring on weekdays (r=16.2). The occurrence of weekend shootings in 2023 is 25% higher than the average from 2020 through 2022. More shooting victims have walked into hospitals with gunshot wounds on the weekends than through the week and more shootings that took place during a crime in progress also occurred on weekends.Item Media Reported Fatal and Non-Fatal Shootings Monthly Summary June 2023 Indianapolis, Indiana.(2023-07-08) Spivey, Erin; Crawford, Jara; Kaur, Amarpreet; Magee, Lauren; Grommon, EricBACKGROUND As firearm violence continues to be a focus within media and public safety entities, the monthly trends noted will continue to direct discussions and preventative actions. OBJECTIVE Examine trending in type, time, location, and demographics of media reported fatal and non-fatal shooting incidents and victims in Indianapolis during June 2023. KEY FINDINGS Media reported shootings in June 2023 increased 25% over June 2022 and a 22% increase in the total number of victims. From May to June, a 31% increase in incidents and 36% increase in victims was noted. Non-fatal shootings made up 75% of media reported incidents in June while fatal shootings made up 25%. This is the lowest monthly percentage of fatalities reported in 2023. Based upon media reports, June 11, 2023 surpassed May 6th as the single day with the most shootings and shooting victims, with 11 victims involved in 8 incidents. Noted trends: A reported arrest was made or person of interest detained in 18% of shootings. Multiple victims were involved in 17% of shootings and 14% of victims arrived at the hospital on their own. A non-domestic dispute spurred 11% of shootings in June. The victim was targeted in 8% of incidents and the victim was attending a party in 7% of incidents.Item Media Reported Fatal and Non-Fatal Shootings Monthly Summary July 2023 Indianapolis, Indiana.(2023-08-01) Spivey, Erin; Crawford, Jara; Kaur, Amarpreet; Magee, Lauren; Grommon, EricBACKGROUND As firearm violence continues to be a focus within media and public safety entities, the monthly trends noted will continue to direct discussions and preventative actions. OBJECTIVE Examine trending in type, time, location, and demographics of media reported fatal and non-fatal shooting incidents and victims in Indianapolis during July 2023. KEY FINDINGS Media reported shootings in July 2023 decreased 23% over July 2022 and saw a 30% decrease in the total number of victims. From June to July, a 38% decrease in incidents and 40% decrease in victims was noted. Non-fatal shootings made up 72% of media reported incidents in July while fatal shootings made up 28%. One mass shooting occurred in July, involving 4 victims. Noted trends: In July, 24% of victims arrived at the hospital on their own. An arrest was made or person of interest detained in 16% of shootings. Multiple victims were involved in 16% of shootings. Accidental shootings made up 9% of the total. A crime, such as a robbery or burglary was in process in 9% of shootings. A non- domestic dispute spurred 9% of shootings. On Independence Day, 9% of July shootings occurred. A domestic dispute occurred in 7% of incidents. Self-inflicted injuries were reported in 4% of incidents.Item Fatal and Non-Fatal Shootings Monthly Summary February 2023 Indianapolis, Indiana.(2023-03-06) Spivey, Erin; Crawford, Jara; Kaur, Amarpreet; Magee, Lauren; Grommon, EricBACKGROUND As firearm violence continues to be a focus within media and public safety entities, the monthly trends noted will continue to direct discussions and preventative actions. OBJECTIVE Examine trending in type, time, location, and demographics of fatal and non-fatal shooting incidents and victims in Indianapolis during February 2023. KEY FINDINGS February 2023 saw an 84% increase in the number of shootings over February 2022 and a 93% increase in the total number of victims. From January to February, an 18% decrease in incidents and a 13% decrease in victims was noted. Non-fatal shootings made up 71% of incidents in February while fatal shootings made up 29%. While a decrease in the number of fatal shootings of juveniles occurred in February, the number of non-fatal shootings involving juveniles showed an increase. 63% of shootings occurred at a residence/apartment. Noted trends: An arrest was made in 24% of shootings. 20% of shootings involved multiple victims. 22% each of the incidents stemmed from a dispute, including a domestic dispute. In 7% of incidents, the shooting occurred during a crime in progress and in another 7%, the victim arrived at the hospital on their own.Item Trends in Vehicle Fatal and Non-Fatal Shooting Victimizations, 2020 – 2022, Indianapolis, Indiana.(2022-06-08) Van Dyke, Alexander; Kaur, Amarpreet; Crawford, Jara; Magee, Lauren; Grommon, EricBACKGROUND Highways, streets, and parking lots appear to be the site of increasing numbers of gunshot victims found in or around vehicles. OBJECTIVE The focus of this brief is to examine trends in vehicle and roadway gun violence victimization between January 1, 2020, and May 31, 2022. KEY FINDINGS The IGVP documented 155 total victims who suffered a gunshot wound in a vehicle between January 1, 2020, and May 31, 2022. Of these, 68 of the victims were fatalities and 87 were non-fatal shooting victims. The IGVP found vehicle and roadway victimizations generally follow macro gun violence trends of increasing during warmer months. The IGVP consistently documented victims shot while parked in residential areas, at apartment complexes, and at gas stations. The IGVP also documented several instances of vehicles with multiple passengers engaging in gun violence producing incidents with several victims. The IGVP found road rage was not delineated as a motive or incident type for the vast majority of recorded victims both fatal and non-fatal (although in many cases a motive is not known). Due to onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, victims and incidents may be underreported at certain instances within the data collection timeframe.Item Fatal and Non-Fatal Shootings Monthly Summary April 2023 Indianapolis, Indiana.(2023-05-05) Spivey, Erin; Crawford, Jara; Kaur, Amarpreet; Magee, Lauren; Grommon, EricBACKGROUND As firearm violence continues to be a focus within media and public safety entities, the monthly trends noted will continue to direct discussions and preventative actions. OBJECTIVE Examine trending in type, time, location, and demographics of fatal and non-fatal shooting incidents and victims in Indianapolis during April 2023. KEY FINDINGS April 2023 saw a 10% decrease in the number of shootings over April 2022 and a 23% decrease in the total number of victims. From March to April, a 9% decrease in incidents and 15% decrease in victims was noted. Non-fatal shootings made up 54% of incidents in April while fatal shootings made up 46%. A higher percentage of shootings were fatal in April than any other month in 2023. Among adults, more were fatally wounded than were non-fatally wounded. April 20, 2023 saw the largest number of shootings and victims in a single day thus far in 2023. Noted trends: An arrest was made or person of interest detained in 21% of shootings. 12% of shootings involved multiple victims. 12% of victims arrived at the hospital on their own. 12% stemmed from a dispute not domestic related. 9% of shootings occurred during a crime in progress.Item Officer Involved Shootings January 1, 2022 – February 28, 2023 Marion County, Indiana.(2023-03-01) Spivey, Erin; Crawford, Jara; Kaur, Amarpreet; Magee, Lauren; Grommon, EricBACKGROUND Officer-involved shootings reported upon by the media often involve subjects involved in criminal acts shortly before or at the time of the shooting. OBJECTIVE Examine instances of officer-involved shootings in and around Indianapolis, Indiana along with the media-reported trends in circumstances and suspects involved. KEY FINDINGS The number of officer-involved shootings reported in Marion County, Indiana from January 1-February 28, 2023 is 300% higher than the number reported during the same period in 2022. Numbers increased from 1 in 2022 to 4 in 2023. The state of Indiana has seen an 83% increase in officer-involved shootings versus last year (6 incidents in 2022 to 11 in 2023). (Gun Violence Archive) In 2022, 40% of officer-involved shootings resulted in a fatality in Marion County. So far in 2023, 17% of officer-involved shootings have resulted in a fatality. 100% of the suspects involved in Marion County officer-involved shootings are male with an average age of 31. None were juveniles. The suspect was in the act of a crime in 27% of officer-involved shootings. In 18% each, the officer was performing a traffic stop or in a vehicle pursuit with the suspect.