Knowledge and Perceptions of Electronic Cigarette Use among Pregnant Women

Abstract

The association between maternal tobacco smoke exposure and restricted fetal growth has been well studied. However, the safety of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is quite controversial among pregnant women and the public. Research on the health effects of e-cigarette use during pregnancy is limited, particularly because of the health risks and ethical considerations. However, there is concern about the effects of the nicotine on fetal health from e-cigarettes. Some women’s beliefs about e-cigarettes are influenced by information that e-cigarettes may be beneficial as a way to decrease the number of tobacco cigarettes smoked. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to explore the knowledge and perceptions of e-cigarette use among pregnant women. Using pre-designated inclusion and exclusion criteria, relevant articles were located and reviewed searching PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCOhost, CINAHL Complete, and the reference lists of related articles. Full text, English language, peer-reviewed articles relevant to pregnant women’s knowledge and perceptions of e-cigarettes were reviewed. Of the thirty studies, six met the inclusion criteria. The following findings were common among the studies reviewed: 1) study participants had inaccurate information regarding the amount of nicotine in ecigarettes and the effects on the fetus; 2) e-cigarettes were perceived as safe alternatives and could be used for smoking cessation; 3) using e-cigarettes caused less negative side effects than traditional cigarettes; and 4) information obtained from the media about e-cigarettes was confusing for pregnant women. The findings support the need for healthcare providers to assess e-cigarette use among pregnant women and provide accurate information regarding e-cigarettes and the potential impact of use during pregnancy.