IUPUI Research Day 2011

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ANALYSIS OF CO-OCCURRING PHENOTYPES IN INFANTS WITH DOWN SYNDROME WITH CARDIAC DEFECTS
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2011-04-08) Shepherd, Nicole; Duvall, Nichole; Stone, Sandra B.; Davis, Charlene; Stanley, Maria; Roper, Randall J.
Down syndrome (DS), caused by a trisomy 21, is the most common chromosomal aneuploidy occurring in approximately 1 of 750 live births. Individuals with DS exhibit craniofacial dysmorphology, cardiac defects, gastrointestinal problems, and cognitive impairment, although these phenotypes vary in incidence and severity. Common cardiac defects are usually recognized in young infants with DS and include atrial septal anomalies, ventricular septal abnormalities, atrioventricular canal defects, and patent ductus arteriosus. Additional abnormalities may also affect infants with DS, but not be identified until later in life. Since multiple phenotypes are found in these individuals, we hypothesize that children with a severe congenital heart defect may be at increased risk for additional medical issues. To investigate this hypothesis, we performed a retrospective chart review of 170 infants with DS between birth and 6 months of age who were referred to the Down Syndrome Program at Riley Hospital for Children from August 2005 to July 2010. We analyzed comorbidity in infants with upper airway obstruction (UAO) or a feeding problem with and without a severe congenital heart defect. Our data show that 33% of infants without a cardiac defect have identified UAO while 44% with a severe cardiac defect have identified UAO. Additionally, 59% of infants without a cardiac defect compared to 49% with a severe cardiac defect have a feeding problem. With the knowledge of these comorbid clinical features in DS, healthcare providers may be able to identify potential complications affecting infants with DS earlier in life.
The appearance, speech, and motion of synthetic humans influences our empathy toward them
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2011-04-08) MacDorman, Karl F.; Ho, Chin-Chang; Lu, Amy S.; Mitchell, Wade J.; Patel, Himalaya; Srinivas, Preethi; Schermerhorn, Paul W.; Scheutz, Matthias
Humanoid robots and computer-generated humans can elicit responses that people usually direct toward each other. As a result these humanlike entities may stand in for human actors during experiment-driven research in the social and psychological sciences as well as in some branches of neuroscience. Such research concerns factors like facial appearance, physical embodiment, speech quality, fluidity of motion, and contingent interactivity. A goal of this research is to understand why some humanlike entities are more successful than others at eliciting people’s empathy. Pursuing this goal informs new principles for creating synthetic humans that seem more believable in narratives and narrative-based interventions.
Applied Solutions for Water Resource Challenges: Floods, Contamination and Upland Water Storage
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2011-04-08) Smith, Amy; Tedesco, Lenore P.; Babbar-Sebens, Meghna; Barr, Robert C.; Hall, Bob E.; Stouder, Michael
The Center for Earth and Environmental Science, an IUPUI Signature Center, is working on a series of water resources problems and creating solutions. A series of collaborative projects are underway with the HUD, FEMA, the Office of Community and Rural Affairs, the United States Geological Survey, the Indiana State Department of Agriculture, and an international corporate partner in Berlin, KompetenzZentrum Wasser Berlin. Flood Erosion Hazard Program CEES, the USGS, and Polis are working with HUD and the Office of Community and Rural Affairs, though the Indiana Silver Jackets, to create tools for the State of Indiana to incorporate flood erosion hazard risk assessments into community planning. Flooding remains the most costly natural hazard in the US and Indiana. Flood losses continue to rise despite billions of dollars in mitigation. The causes are complex and related to land use, infrastructure design and climate change. Following the June 2008 floods in Indiana, 39 counties were listed as Federal disaster areas. In early 2005, 90% of Indiana counties were declared federal disaster areas after heavy rains fell on saturated soil. There have been seven major regional flooding events since the “Great flood of 1913”. The frequency of large floods appears to be increasing. Four of the eight major floods have occurred since 1982 and the last two occurred in 2005 and 2008. From 1998 through 2007, total insured flood losses in Indiana exceeded $39.8 million. While more restricted in area than the floods of 2008; record flooding occurred again throughout central and southern Indiana in early 2011 following heavy rains in February and March. Traditional flood protection usually consists of three components: flood control reservoirs, urban levees/floodwalls, and agricultural levees. These traditional flood protection methods are focused on one aspect of flooding – inundation. However, the largest single source of flood losses, both in terms of cost and number of affected persons, is damage to transportation infrastructure. Fluvial erosion is a principal cause of this damage. This significant flood-related natural hazard – the “fluvial erosion hazard” (FEH) – is not a specific component of State and local mitigation programs. This project aims to generate the tools for inclusion of FEH into statewide and local community planning. Aquisafe II - Performance Analysis of Selected Mitigation Systems Used to Attenuate Non-Point Source Agricultural Pollution Aquisafe is an international research collaboration with Veolia Environment based in Paris, their corporate partner in Berlin (KompetenzZentrum Wasser – Berlin Center of Competence for Water), the German Federal Environmental Agency, German university partners, and French quasi-governmental agencies in Brittany, France. The project goals are to create new mitigation systems to capture and treat polluted agricultural water running off farm fields prior to flowing into area streams, especially those used for drinking water supplies. The contaminants of specific concern are nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and pesticides (atrazine – a corn-herbicide with potential endocrine disrupting effects). We are testing 2-stage, constructed wetlands in Indianapolis, Indiana and Brittany, France that have been designed to intercept and convert contaminants to harmless compounds. Site designs are guided by laboratory technical scale experiments conducted in Berlin that identified the hydrologic retention times and suitable sources of organic carbon necessary for mitigating contaminants. Construction of the experimental systems will begin in April in the Eagle Creek Watershed in cooperation with a private farmer with initial results expected this summer.
Automated Telephone Monitoring for Relapse Risk among Recent Quitters Enrolled in Quitline Services
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2011-04-08) McDaniel, Anna M.; Carlini, Beatriz H.; Stratton, Renée M.; Cerutti, Barbara; Monahan, Patrick O.; Stump, Timothy E.; Kauffman, Ross M.; Zbikowski, Susan M.
This study is part of a randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of interactive voice response (IVR) technology for enhancing existing quitline services (Free & Clear’s Quit for Life® program) to prevent smoking relapse and achieve abstinence. The IVR system screens for six indicators of risk for relapse including smoking lapse, physical withdrawal symptoms, depressive symptoms, perceived stress, decreased self-efficacy for quitting, and decreased motivation to quit. Participants can screen positive on any one or more risks, resulting in a rollover call to a telephone counselor. There are two intervention arms that differ in timing and frequency of IVR screening. In the Technology Enhanced Quitline arm (TEQ-10), 10 automated calls are placed at decreasing frequency for 8 weeks post-quit (twice a week for the first two weeks, then weekly). The High Intensity Technology-Enhanced Quitline arm (TEQ-20) includes 20 IVR calls (daily for the first 2 weeks, then weekly). This preliminary analysis includes IVR data collected on calls from 4/12/2010 to 10/31/2010. 2620 calls were made to 98 participants in the two intervention arms, TEQ-10 (n=44) and TEQ-20 (n=54). The two arms did not differ significantly on demographics or comorbid conditions. Three outcomes were analyzed: completed screening assessments, positive screen for relapse risk, and smoking lapse (i.e., smoking even a puff since the last call). 136 of the 736 (18.5%) completed assessments were positive for relapse risk: 66 for smoking lapse (49%), 42 craving (31%), 32 depressive symptoms (24%), 27 lack of confidence (20%), 8 stress (6%), and 8 lack of motivation (6%). Logistic regression models (adjusted for age and gender), with GEE estimation to account for withinperson correlation, showed that compared to the TEQ-10 study group, participants in the TEQ-20 study group were more likely to complete assessments (OR=1.7; 95% CI=1.2-2.4), less likely to screen positive for relapse risk (OR=.3; 95% CI=.2-.6), and less likely to have smoked (OR=.2; 95% CI=.09-.4). These results indicate that frequent IVR monitoring during the immediate postquit period may have a positive effect on relapse risk.
The availability, price and quality of food items in diverse food retail outlets
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2011-04-08) Mushi-Brunt, Christina; Virgil, Kisha; Agbonhese, Joy
Despite large-scale, nationwide health promotion efforts, researchers continue to report socioeconomic and racial disparities in the prevalence of chronic disease, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity and certain cancers. One possible explanation for these disparities may be found in examining the retail food environment in which healthy food choices are made by individuals. The local food environment can strongly influence the dietary choices made by individuals. Low-income residents have reported factors such as limited access to health food options and the high cost and low quality of the available food items within their communities as important barriers to consuming a healthy diet. Recent studies have shown direct correlations between a healthy diet and access to retail food outlets such as supermarkets and grocery stores. However, there are few studies that have directly assessed the availability, price and quality of foods sold in diverse types of food retail outlets and identified differences between and among the various types of outlets. Fewer still are studies that have identified these food item characteristics based on recommendations specific to cancer prevention. This study identifies the availability, price and quality of foods recommended by the American Cancer Society for a healthy diet in the food retail outlets of Marion County, Indiana and determines if differences exist in these characteristics between and within store types and community deprivation. In 2010 144 food retail outlets (supermarkets, grocery stores, convenience stores, gas stations, and ethnic grocers) were assessed through direct observation by trained researchers using a validated food retail outlet audit tool. Food items included fresh, frozen and canned produce; dry goods; fresh meats; dairy; and refrigerated foods. The price of specific food items with each food category was assessed. Quality was assessed for fresh produce category only. The environmental characteristics of the stores, including cleanliness, safety features, and the presence of health promotion message (e.g. 5-a-Day for Better Health logo) was also assessed. Each food retail outlet was characterized as being in a “high deprivation” or “low deprivation” community. Type of community was determined from a composite of socioeconomic characteristics using 2000 census block group data. This presentation provides a summary of key research findings and highlights suggested translation of the research findings into health promotion practice and policy. Funding support for this study was provided by the Indiana University American Cancer Society Institutional Research Grant. Census data work completed with the assistance of Shawn Hoch, IU School of Medicine.
Beyond Collective Supervision of Youth: Informal Social Control, Pro-social Investment and Delinquency in Urban Neighborhoods
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2011-04-08) Leech, Tamara G.J.
The concentration of delinquency in certain neighborhoods represents a pervasive social inequality in the United States. Today, the distribution of urban delinquency is perhaps best described as “pockets of crime,” largely confined to urban blocks with unique characteristics (Jean 2007). An expansive amount of scholarship has addressed neighborhood responses to this persistent social issue, including collective neighborhood efforts to control rates of delinquency. It is generally accepted that to fully achieve social control of public space, neighborhoods must not only intervene in problem behavior, but must also socialize youth to avoid deviance (Bursick 1988). We currently have a strong body of research on neighborhood supervision and monitoring of delinquent behavior. Yet, we are left with a paucity of work on the association between delinquency rates and pro-social investment in youth at the neighborhood level. The purpose of this study is to begin to address these gaps in the literature by simultaneously investigating collective supervision of and pro-social investment in youth. The data for the analyses focus on one urban area in Indianapolis spanning 92 census block groups. The dataset combines census and county court data with 603 interviews of local residents. The results of the analysis indicate that the meaning of collective supervision and investment seems to be context - specific. Areas with high levels of supervision over youth have fewer incidents of relatively moderate forms of delinquency such as truancy, underage drinking, curfew violations, etc. However, this same connection between supervision and slightly more serious offenses (i.e. misdemeanors) is only evident in neighborhoods with strong collective pro-social investment in youth. Areas with high levels of this prosocial investment also experience fewer juvenile felony charges, but these same areas are weaker in the supervision of youth behavior. Overall, the analyses indicate that neighborhoods dealing with minor delinquency among youth may be able to deal with the problem by monitoring and intervening in adolescent behavior. However, investment in youth organizations, positive intergenerational relationships, and informal mentoring may be a more effective option for neighborhoods facing more serious forms of juvenile delinquency.
Binational/Cross-Cultural Health Enhancement
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2011-04-08) Martinez Mier, EA; Stelzner, SM; Soto-Rojas, EA
The Binational/Cross-Cultural Health Enhancement Center (BiCCHEC) fosters multidisciplinary research collaborations that address the biological, cultural, historical, legal, behavioral and demographic issues that impact the health status of communities where Hispanics are born and where they live in Indiana. BiCCHEC, with a commitment not only to research but also to teaching and service, develops and utilizes approaches, programs, training, and applications that are culturally relevant, practical, just, reciprocal, and always in partnership with communities. As communities become more and more diverse, obstacles to health and wellbeing created by language and cultural differences emerge. Finding ways to improve the availability of health services and eliminate health disparities for an increasingly diverse and mobile community is a commitment of the center. Since its 2007, BiCCHEC members have submitted sixty three internal and external grants of which thirty one have been funded for over $900,000. They have published 31 peerreviewed articles or book chapters and presented their research findings in 81 symposiums, showcases, workshops or conferences as keynote speakers, panel discussants or speakers. BiCCHEC projects are multidisciplinary; approximately 80% of the projects involve two or more IUPUI schools. BiCCHEC projects are also collaborative; approximately 70% of the projects have one or more community partners. BiCCHEC’s main community partners are La Plaza, Inc., the Institute for Mexicans Abroad (IME), Friends of Hidalgo, and more recently the Indiana Latino Institute. BiCCHEC conducts research with a commitment to service and education. Members have mentored 111 students in research and service-learning projects.
Breast Cancer Detection via Microwave Imaging
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2011-04-08) Reid, Joshua R.N.; Ghane, Parvin; Shrestha, Sudhir; Agarwal, Mangilal; Varahramyan, Kody
Breast cancer is one of the major common diseases among women and takes about 40,000 lives every year. Early detection of breast cancer greatly increases the chance of survival. The norm for today’s detection of breast cancer consists of mammograms, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonic examination. Unfortunately, the process is a fraction of completeness despite its feeling of discomfort, high cost, and exposure to ionizing radiation which poses cumulative side effects respectively. The present research investigates the efficiency and implementation of microwave imaging to be used in the detection of breast cancer. Microwave imaging (MWI) is a process that illuminates the breast with microwave signals, and receives and analyses scattered signals for breast cancer detection and imaging. The electromagnetic waves that are scattered within the breast provide information that are transmitted and received via microstrip patch antennas, providing an image of detected lesions. In the presented poster, design of a patch antenna and simulation results are presented. In the event of designing, the overall goal was to obtain a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) less than 2 at 2.4 GHz signal frequency. To receive the intended results, the dimensions and design of the microstrip patch were important factors given the substrate parameters. Currently, the project is in the prototyping stage for the validation of simulation results and further optimization and development of the antenna for microwave breast cancer detection and imaging applications.
Center for the Study of Religion and American Culture
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2011-04-08) Goff, Philip; Farnsley II, Arthur E.; Wheeler, Rachel; Thuesen, Peter J.
The NEH Summer Institute for Teachers will support the studies of twenty-five talented teachers from across the nation as they join with nationally renowned scholars to explore how religion has shaped, and been shaped by, the American experience. The institute directors, Philip Goff, Arthur Farnsley, and Rachel Wheeler, are all noted scholars in their field, whose work encompasses a wide range of subject matter and methodologies. The institute will enable participants from many different fields to develop new materials on American religion that can be incorporated into their current curricula. An English teacher introducing Uncle Tom’s Cabin, or The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, for instance, will be better prepared to discuss the nexus of religion and race in the context of nineteenth-century America. A civics teacher focusing on the origins of the American government will be able to incorporate discussion about the religion of the founders and the ways in which the First Amendment has shaped American society. The prime goal of The Bible in American Life project is to gain insight for clergy and scholars on Bible-reading as a religious practice. We are particularly interested in how people use the Bible in their personal lives, how religious communities and even the internet shape individuals’ comprehension of scripture, and how individual and communal understandings of scripture influence American public life. Employing both quantitative methods (the General Social Survey and a local survey) and qualitative research (focus-group interviews, historical analysis, and other means), we hope to provide an unprecedented perspective on the Bible’s role outside the context of worship, in the lived religion of a broad cross-section of Americans both now and in the past. Such data will be invaluable to clergy and seminar professors seeking more effective ways to teach and preach scripture in an age saturated with information and technology. The results of the project also will help scholars seeking to understand recent changes in American Christianity.
Center for Urban and Multicultural Education IMPACT After-School Programs
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2011-04-08) Smith, Joshua
As a partnership with a 21st Century Community Learning Centers grantee and the Center for Urban and Multicultural Education (CUME) within the IU School of Education at Indianapolis, the IMPACT project will showcase both research and evaluation reports and student work from the local Indianapolis schools within the IMPACT After-School Programs. The partnership has allowed both researchers and community members to collaborate around grant writing, methods and outcomes for program evaluation, and recommendations for program improvement that directly affect the local programs and elementary school students involved.

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