Liu, JianyunGallo, Richard M.Duffy, CarolBrutkiewicz, Randy R.2018-03-062018-03-062016-09-01Liu, J., Gallo, R. M., Duffy, C., & Brutkiewicz, R. R. (2016). A VP22-Null HSV-1 Is Impaired in Inhibiting CD1d-Mediated Antigen Presentation. Viral Immunology, 29(7), 409–416. https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2015.01450882-8245https://hdl.handle.net/1805/15382CD1d-restricted T (natural killer T [NKT]) cells are important for controlling a herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. One of the mechanisms of immune evasion by HSV is to downregulate CD1d-mediated activation of NKT cells. VP22 is an HSV-1-encoded protein responsible for reorganizing the host cell's cytoskeletal network and viral spreading. We have previously shown that modification of the cytoskeleton can alter CD1d-mediated antigen presentation. In this study, we found that an HSV-1 lacking VP22 (ΔUL49) was impaired in its ability to inhibit CD1d-mediated antigen presentation compared with the wild-type (WT) virus; this was reversed by a repair virus (UL49R) in CD1d-expressing cells. We further demonstrated that CD1d recycling was inhibited by infection with WT and UL49R, but not the ΔUL49 virus. Ectopic expression of VP22 in CD1d-expressing cells complemented the VP22-deficient virus in inhibiting antigen presentation. Moreover, inhibiting viral protein synthesis rescued VP22-dependent inhibition of CD1d antigen presentation. In conclusion, our findings suggest that VP22 is required (but not sufficient) for the inhibition of CD1d-mediated antigen presentation by an HSV-1 infection.en-USPublisher PolicyHSVCD1d-restricted T cellsArticle