Krebs, Erin E.Kroenke, KurtWu, JingweiBair, Matthew J.Kozak, Mary AnnYu, Zhangsheng2017-11-152017-11-152016-07Krebs, E. E., Kroenke, K., Wu, J., Bair, M. J., Kozak, M. A., & Yu, Z. (2016). Opioid Use as a Predictor of Health Care Use and Pain Outcomes: Analysis of Clinical Trial Data. Pain Medicine, 17(7), 1261–1268. https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnw002https://hdl.handle.net/1805/14543Objective . To examine effects of pre-enrollment opioid use on outcomes of a 12-month collaborative pain care management trial. We hypothesized that participants with opioid use would have worse pain at baseline; use more health care services and analgesics; and have worse pain outcomes during the trial. Design . Secondary analysis of randomized controlled trial data. Setting . Veterans Affairs (VA) primary care. Subjects . Patients age 18-65 years with chronic pain of at least moderate severity who were enrolled in a 12-month pragmatic trial of a telephone-based collaborative care intervention for chronic musculoskeletal pain. Methods . Participants were categorized as opioid users (n = 84) or non-users (n = 166) at baseline and trial randomization was stratified by opioid use. We used logistic regression to examine cross-sectional associations with baseline opioid use and mixed-effect models for repeated measures to examine baseline opioid use as a predictor of Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) scores over 12 months. Results . At baseline, 33.6% reported use of prescribed opioids. Baseline opioid users had higher baseline BPI scores and higher health-related disability than non-users. Baseline opioid users also had more outpatient visits (15.0 vs. 10.1; p = 0.001) and received more analgesics (p < 0.001) during the trial. In the final multivariable model examining effects of baseline opioid use on BPI over 12 months, opioid users and nonusers had a non-significant difference of 0.25 points (p = 0.098). In conclusion, although baseline opioid users had worse pain at baseline and used more health care during the study, response to the intervention was not significantly modified by pre-existing opioid therapy.enCC0 1.0 Universalchronic painopioid analgesicsprimary careArticle